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full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image=&#8221;4124&#8243; background_image_mobile_hidden=&#8221;true&#8221; bg_position=&#8221;center center&#8221; bg_repeat=&#8221;no-repeat&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;6%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; class=&#8221;contenuarticle&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; parallax_bg=&#8221;true&#8221; parallax_bg_speed=&#8221;fixed&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;60&#8243;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;soutitreart&#8221;]\n<p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">Le concept de Smart City renvoi \u00e0 une ville intelligente et num\u00e9rique, o\u00f9 l&#8217;implication des habitants et l&#8217;intelligence collective semble s&#8217;\u00e9ffacer au profit de l&#8217;exploitation des donn\u00e9es. La ville du futur et des habitants reste floue et bancale si on ne les implique pas dans cette construction. Car si les habitants ont la facult\u00e9 d&#8217;am\u00e9liorer et de concevoir les villes de demain, il est important de rappeler que l&#8217;intelligence n&#8217;est pas forc\u00e9ment synonime de technologie. Sans associer les citoyens, d\u00e9s le d\u00e9part, \u00e0 la conception des projets urbains, ces derniers s&#8217;av\u00e9reront \u00eatre de grandes et co\u00fbteuses d\u00e9ceptions, aux cons\u00e9quences f\u00e2cheuses.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;texteart&#8221;]<span class=\"md-plain\">Dans cette qu\u00eate de la ville du futur il y a une alternative, moins connue, qui pointe le bout de son nez. C&#8217;est le concept de la Wise City, <\/span><span class=\"\"><em><span class=\"md-plain\">&#8220;wise&#8221;<\/span><\/em><span class=\"md-plain\"> pour <\/span><em><span class=\"md-plain\">&#8220;sage&#8221;<\/span><\/em><span class=\"md-plain\"> en anglais. Cette id\u00e9e, d\u00e9j\u00e0 th\u00e9oris\u00e9e, est d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la ville \u00e0 l\u2019aide de solutions n\u00e9cessitant moins de ressources et moins d\u2019\u00e9nergie que dans la Smart City, et de s&#8217;appuyer sur l\u2019intelligence collaborative et les ressources d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 notre disposition. Pourquoi ne pas commencer par faciliter, am\u00e9liorer et mutualiser la richesse que nous avons sous la main ?<\/span><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; el_id=&#8221;accroissement&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;30&#8243;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;titreart&#8221;]Principes de la Wise City[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;soutitreart&#8221;]Cr\u00e9er des synergies[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;texteart&#8221;]\n<p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain md-expand\">\u00c0 quoi ressemble une Wise City ? \u00c0 premi\u00e8re vue, \u00e0 une ville comme les autres. Mais face aux d\u00e9fis du quotidien, elle favorise l\u2019intelligence collective plut\u00f4t que de faire syst\u00e9matiquement appel \u00e0 la technologie. Il faut traduire \u201csage\u201d (wise) par raisonnable, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 atteindre un objectif en utilisant le moins de ressources possible, en cr\u00e9ant des synergies, sans fragiliser son \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me. Une Wise City serait donc un organisme vivant qui utiliserait la quantit\u00e9 minimale de ressource pour assurer son existence, quitte \u00e0 \u00eatre cr\u00e9atif.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;texteart&#8221;]<span class=\"md-plain\">Par exemple dans certaines zones industrielles en Cor\u00e9e du Sud, au Japon, en Europe, en Australie ou aux \u00c9tats-Unis, des parcs \u00e9co-industriels r\u00e9ussissent \u00e0 r\u00e9concilier performance \u00e9conomique et respect de l\u2019environnement. Comment font-elles ? Dans ces zones, un ensemble d\u2019entreprises collaborent pour former des \u201csymbioses industrielles\u201d dans la gestion de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, de l\u2019eau, des d\u00e9chets et des \u00e9changes de services ou de produits. Les d\u00e9chets de l\u2019un sont les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res de l\u2019autre, le transport des ressources limit\u00e9 et l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e9conomique av\u00e9r\u00e9 : autant d\u2019arguments pragmatiques qui ont convaincu 20 000 parcs \u00e0 travers le monde.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;4116&#8243; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; alignment=&#8221;&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text]Vue de la bio-raffinerie de Pomacle-Bazancourt, pr\u00e8s de Reims (France). Elle transforme chaque ann\u00e9e 3 millions de tonnes de biomasse v\u00e9g\u00e9tale \u00e0 des fins non-alimentaires \u00a9Altus ARD[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;texteart&#8221;]Autres exemples de parcs \u00e9co-industriels :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le parc de Tianjin \u2013 Chine<\/li>\n<li>Le parc de Kalundborg &#8211; Danemark<\/li>\n<li>Le Port de Rotterdam &#8211; Pays-Bas<\/li>\n<li>Le parc de Deux Synthe &#8211; Pr\u00e8s de Dunkerque (France)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;soutitreart&#8221;]Le cas d&#8217;Albi[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;texteart&#8221;]\n<p class=\"md-end-block md-p md-focus\"><span class=\"md-plain md-expand\">Albi, petite ville de 51 000 habitants dans le Tarn, s\u2019est fix\u00e9 le pari de parvenir \u00e0 l\u2019autosuffisance alimentaire \u00e0 horizon 2020. Elle a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de favoriser les circuits courts et de r\u00e9organiser sa production agricole pour permettre \u00e0 la ville de vivre avec les denr\u00e9es produites dans un rayon de 60 km. Pour cela, la mairie rach\u00e8te d\u00e8s que possible les terrains proches du centre-ville qui sont ensuite lou\u00e9s \u00e0 des maraichers \u00e0 tarif raisonnable. En \u00e9change, les exploitants s\u2019engagent \u00e0 produire du bio et \u00e0 vendre leur production localement, sur les march\u00e9 ou via des AMAP. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">Des b\u00e9n\u00e9voles jardiniers participent \u00e0 la transformation du paysage urbain : ils font appara\u00eetre jardins partag\u00e9s, arbres fruitiers et keyholes dans les rues de la cit\u00e9. Les espaces verts de la commune d\u2019Albi sont \u00e9galement mis \u00e0 disposition de tous ceux qui ont des graines \u00e0 semer, pour qu\u2019ils se les approprient. Les prochaines \u00e9tapes ? R\u00e9habiliter les jardins ouvriers et les potagers d\u00e9laiss\u00e9s des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, et mettre en relation les propri\u00e9taires d\u00e9bord\u00e9s par leur jardin et les jardiniers volontaires. Ensuite, il faudra convaincre la grande distribution de s\u2019approvisionner aupr\u00e8s des producteurs locaux.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain md-expand\">Albi n\u2019est pas la premi\u00e8re ville \u00e0 se lancer dans une d\u00e9marche d\u2019autosuffisance alimentaire : aux \u00c9tats Unis, la ville de Detroit a r\u00e9habilit\u00e9 de vastes zones abandonn\u00e9es pour permettre une agriculture de subsistance des populations locales lorsqu\u2019elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9e en faillite en 2013. Todmorden est la premi\u00e8re ville d\u2019Angleterre \u00e0 avoir r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 produire assez de l\u00e9gumes pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins de ses habitants. <\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;4114&#8243; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; alignment=&#8221;&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text]Plusieurs potagers urbains o\u00f9 les l\u00e9gumes sont \u00e0 disposition des habitants (Cr\u00e9dits : Les Incroyables Comestibles)[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;soutitreart&#8221;]Wise Data[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;texteart&#8221;]\n<p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain md-expand\">Un des aspects de la Wise City r\u00e9side dans l\u2019appropriation des donn\u00e9es par les habitants, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la d\u00e9marche d\u2019Open Data. Par ce biais, les donn\u00e9es doivent \u00eatre pleinement accessibles, fournies sous des conditions permettant leur r\u00e9utilisation et leur redistribution, et enfin, tout le monde doit \u00eatre en mesure de les utiliser sans restrictions. La disponibilit\u00e9 des jeux de donn\u00e9es concernant les citoyens et leur ville permet de mettre en valeur des habitudes plus ou moins vertueuses et de faire varier le comportement des habitants. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">Cette approche p\u00e9dagogique est difficilement r\u00e9alisable dans le cas du Big Data : les jeux de donn\u00e9es sont h\u00e9t\u00e9roclites et la nature du Big Data le rend impossible \u00e0 analyser par le cerveau humain. En associant des donn\u00e9es locales et accessibles, une repr\u00e9sentation visuelle compr\u00e9hensible et des m\u00e9canismes de gamification, les citoyens ont d\u00e9sormais la possibilit\u00e9 de comparer leur consommation et leur impact sur la ville aux donn\u00e9es de leurs pairs. Rien de tel pour impliquer les habitants dans la Wise City que de rendre transparent les dessous de leur ville.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">Prenons l&#8217;exemple de Daniel Latorre, un d\u00e9veloppeur de logiciels de longue date, qui depuis le 11 septembre 2001, s\u2019int\u00e9resse \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile. Alors qu\u2019il travaillait au trac\u00e9 des pistes cyclables pour New York, il s\u2019est rendu compte que \u00ab le design urbain est l\u2019interface de la ville \u00bb. Cela permet aux habitants de s\u2019y retrouver, d\u2019en tirer parti. Ensuite, il cette analyse lui a permis de comprendre que : \u00ab les villes con\u00e7ues autour des voitures ont, aujourd\u2019hui, un mauvais design. Nous avons besoin d\u2019une nouvelle interface. \u00bb Il a alors lanc\u00e9 un projet de carte digitale sur laquelle les new yorkais \u00e9taient invit\u00e9s \u00e0 indiquer o\u00f9 ils souhaitaient voir install\u00e9s les stations pour v\u00e9libs locaux.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">L&#8217;outil principal est donc la cartographie sociale (<\/span><span class=\"\"><em><span class=\"md-plain\">crowdsourced mapping<\/span><\/em><span class=\"md-plain\">) cr\u00e9\u00e9e avec un logiciel open source. \u00ab Quelque soit le projet \u2013 cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un parc, design ou am\u00e9lioration d\u2019une rue, entre autres \u2013 \u00e7a permet aux gens de mettre leurs id\u00e9es sur une carte, \u00bb explique-t-il. \u00ab \u00c7a agit comme logiciel social en connectant les gens qui prennent conscience de l\u2019existence des autres \u00e0 mesure qu\u2019ils s\u2019en servent. Ils ignorent tout de leurs voisins et les m\u00e9canismes de participations leur permettent de se trouver. \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"md-end-block md-p md-focus\"><span class=\"md-plain\">Les gens red\u00e9couvrent leurs villes, les administrateurs prennent connaissance des d\u00e9tails des zones sous leur responsabilit\u00e9. \u00ab Les cartes digitales permettent aux diff\u00e9rents agents d&#8217;avoir litt\u00e9ralement un terrain de rencontre virtuel de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re qu\u2019une place publique est un espace o\u00f9 les gens se trouvent. Autant de m\u00e9canismes, ajoute-t-il, qui sont absents \u00ab de la rh\u00e9torique des villes intelligentes \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;4115&#8243; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; alignment=&#8221;&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text]Depuis Octobre 2018, les collectivit\u00e9s territoriales fran\u00e7aises de plus de 3 500 habitants ont pour consigne d&#8217;ouvrir leurs donn\u00e9es conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la loi pour une R\u00e9publique num\u00e9rique. Voir exemple infographie Ville de Toulouse dans les sources.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; el_id=&#8221;nuisances&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;30&#8243;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;titreart&#8221;]Vers une ville frugale[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;soutitreart&#8221;]Les 5R[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;texteart&#8221;]\n<p class=\"md-end-block md-p md-focus\"><span class=\"md-plain md-expand\">Une fois la Wise City d\u00e9finie, on ne peut s&#8217;emp\u00eacher de rapporter l\u2019id\u00e9e de frugalit\u00e9. C\u2019est \u00e0 dire la qualit\u00e9 de vivre sans superflu et \u00e0 pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer la patience \u00e0 l\u2019instantan\u00e9it\u00e9. En offrant davantage de satisfaction \u00e0 ses citoyens et en consommant moins de ressources, la ville frugale a pour objectifs de d\u00e9sengorger les centres villes, d\u00e9velopper des modes de transport innovants ou encore de r\u00e9inventer un nouvel art de vivre, davantage en ad\u00e9quation avec les identit\u00e9s locales. Cette derni\u00e8re, s\u2019invente \u00e0 travers des innovations que les citoyens peuvent s\u2019approprier. Prenons l\u2019exemple de Copenhague : plus de 50% de ses habitants se rendent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole ou au travail \u00e0 v\u00e9lo. Une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 rendue possible gr\u00e2ce aux autorit\u00e9s qui ont fourni les am\u00e9nagements requis pour rendre cette activit\u00e9 plus agr\u00e9able.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain md-expand\">Lorsque qu&#8217;un individu ou une ville se dirige vers un mode de vie frugal on parle \u201cdes 5R\u201d pour d\u00e9signer 5 moyens de s\u00e9parer l\u2019essentiel du superflu. REFUSER de participer \u00e0 la surexploitation des ressources (San Francisco a banni la distribution de sacs plastiques et la vente de bouteilles en plastiques). R\u00c9DUIRE les ressources consomm\u00e9es, en mutualisant leurs achats d\u2019\u00e9nergie (\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, gaz), d\u2019\u00e9quipements (tramway, flotte automobile). R\u00c9UTILISER les objets le plus longtemps possible, quitte \u00e0 d\u00e9tourner leur usage au cours de leur vie via la transmission (Emma\u00fcs, recycleries, ressourceries). R\u00c9PARER, \u00e9tape indispensable si l\u2019on souhaite r\u00e9utiliser, cela permet d\u2019allonger la dur\u00e9e de vie des \u00e9quipements mais \u00e9galement d\u2019adapter le mat\u00e9riel aux diff\u00e9rentes situations. RECYCLER les d\u00e9chets des habitants pour produire de l&#8217;\u00e9nergie locale, cr\u00e9er des emplois ou alors diminuer le volume de d\u00e9chets \u00e0 traiter (San Francisco et son projet Z\u00e9ro Waste lanc\u00e9 en 2002).<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;3%&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; el_id=&#8221;conclusion&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;30&#8243;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;titreart&#8221;]Conclusion[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;30&#8243;][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;texteart&#8221;]\n<p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain md-expand\">Les objectifs de la Smart City sont louables et ont donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 de tr\u00e8s belles initiatives ; cependant, les projets de transformation des villes ne peuvent pas \u00eatre imagin\u00e9s par quelques cerveaux, puis \u00eatre impos\u00e9s aux habitants sans v\u00e9ritable concertation. Il est vendu comme un package qui r\u00e9soudra tous les malheurs du monde alors que les villes n\u2019ont pas toutes les m\u00eame enjeux ou les m\u00eame besoins, mais surtout qu\u2019elles n\u2019ont pas \u00e9puis\u00e9 toutes les solutions humaines qui s\u2019offrent \u00e0 elles. Oui, les villes ont effectivement besoin d\u2019intelligence, mais de l\u2019intelligence la plus rentable, r\u00e9siliente et durable possible. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">Celle-ci se trouve probablement parmi ses habitants, la Wise City la bien compris et porte une attention particuli\u00e8re aux habitants, \u00e0 la taille du projet et \u00e0 son budget. Pour se d\u00e9velopper de mani\u00e8re optimale elle se repose sur la collaboration, la frugalit\u00e9 ou le partage de ressources. Car, si la technologie va jouer un r\u00f4le croissant dans le design des villes, ces principes associ\u00e9s \u00e0 un usage r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi de cette technologie peut \u00eatre une solution optimale possible pour demain. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"md-end-block md-p md-focus\"><span class=\"md-plain\">Pour r\u00e9sumer les bonnes pratiques de la Wise City, il est question tout d&#8217;abord du budget des projets o\u00f9 \u00eatre fauch\u00e9 et cr\u00e9atif r\u00e9sonne comme une opportunit\u00e9. Il est n\u00e9cessaire d&#8217;anticiper la croissance des projets, de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer les syst\u00e8mes ouverts et \u00e9volutifs aux syst\u00e8mes stables et ferm\u00e9s. L&#8217;\u00e9chelle du projet se doit de rester \u00e0 une taille humaine et de trouver des solutions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle locale en mettant \u00e0 l\u2019honneur la collaboration. On se doit d&#8217;\u00eatre curieux, d&#8217;aller chercher le meilleur de ce qui existe ailleurs mais ne pas copier b\u00eatement sur ses voisins. Il est important de faire confiance \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 de progression des humains plut\u00f4t que d\u2019installer des outils technologiques pour compenser leurs faiblesses et d\u00e9fauts. Enfin, pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer le bien-\u00eatre des habitants et la r\u00e9silience de la vie \u00e0 son aspect esth\u00e9tique tout en conservant la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 des habitants (\u00e2ge, sexe, activit\u00e9s) et encourager leur cohabitation. Il faut donc \u00eatre inclusif, pragmatique et simple.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;Full Width Line&#8221; line_thickness=&#8221;1&#8243; divider_color=&#8221;extra-color-3&#8243; animate=&#8221;yes&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;100&#8243;]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"false\" data-animation-delay=\"0\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> <strong>Sources :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lumieresdelaville.net\/frugalite-heureuse-ville-plus-econome\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">La \u00ab frugalit\u00e9 heureuse \u00bb pour une ville encore plus \u00e9conome !<\/a> &#8211; Lumi\u00e8res de la ville<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.francispisani.net\/2013\/10\/wise-city-vs-smart-city-j-ai-rencontr%C3%A9-daniel-latorre.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wise city vs Smart city : j&#8217;ai rencontr\u00e9 Daniel Latorre<\/a> &#8211; Francis Pisani<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lebigdata.fr\/open-data-definition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open Data d\u00e9finition : C&#8217;est quoi ? \u00c0 quoi \u00e7a sert ?<\/a> &#8211; Le Big Data<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecvdigital.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/livre-blanc_wise-city_v3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wise city, une alternative \u00e0 la Smart City<\/a> &#8211; ECV Digital<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;30&#8243;][nectar_cta btn_style=&#8221;see-through&#8221; heading_tag=&#8221;h5&#8243; text_color=&#8221;#91c1c0&#8243; button_color=&#8221;default&#8221; link_type=&#8221;regular&#8221; alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; display=&#8221;block&#8221; link_text=&#8221;RETOUR AUX SUJETS DE RECHERCHE&#8221; url=&#8221;\/recherche\/&#8221; margin_top=&#8221;50&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_content&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image=&#8221;4124&#8243; bg_position=&#8221;right center&#8221; bg_repeat=&#8221;no-repeat&#8221; 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