{"id":14120,"date":"2019-05-23T10:59:36","date_gmt":"2019-05-23T08:59:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.baseland.fr\/recherches\/les-animaux-dans-la-ville\/"},"modified":"2021-01-06T17:05:56","modified_gmt":"2021-01-06T16:05:56","slug":"les-animaux-dans-la-ville","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.baseland.fr\/en\/recherches\/les-animaux-dans-la-ville\/","title":{"rendered":"Animals in the city"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bg_image=”4939″ bg_position=”right top” bg_repeat=”no-repeat” scene_position=”center” text_color=”light” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” class=”iconetop” id=”first” color_overlay=”#000000″ overlay_strength=”0.5″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” parallax_bg=”true” parallax_bg_speed=”fixed” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”padding-2-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”left” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][nectar_icon icon_family=”linea” enable_animation=”true” animation_speed=”slow” icon_style=”default” icon_color_type=”color_scheme” icon_color=”white” icon_padding=”20px” icon_linea=”icon-arrows-slim-left” icon_size=”80″ url=”\/recherches\/”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bg_image=”4939″ bg_position=”right top” bg_repeat=”no-repeat” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”12%” bottom_padding=”2%” text_color=”light” text_align=”center” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” color_overlay=”#000000″ overlay_strength=”0.5″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” parallax_bg=”true” parallax_bg_speed=”fixed” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”padding-2-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”left” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][image_with_animation image_url=”3544″ animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”center” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” el_class=”hache”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”center”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”100″][vc_column_text el_class=”titrepage”]ANIMALS IN THE CITY[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” top_padding=”5%” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none” enable_animation=”true” animation=”fade-in-from-bottom”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”10″][vc_column_text]BASE[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” el_class=”detailsart” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none” enable_animation=”true” animation=”fade-in-from-bottom”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”10″][vc_column_text]MAY 2019[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none” enable_animation=”true” animation=”fade-in-from-bottom”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”10″][vc_column_text]Read time 15min[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bottom_padding=”5%” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none” enable_animation=”true” animation=”fade-in-from-bottom”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none” enable_animation=”true” animation=”fade-in-from-bottom”][nectar_icon icon_family=”linea” enable_animation=”true” animation_speed=”slow” icon_style=”default” icon_color_type=”color_scheme” icon_color=”white” icon_padding=”20px” icon_linea=”icon-arrows-down” icon_size=”40″ url=”#intro”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” 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column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”light” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” id=”intro” overlay_strength=”0.5″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” parallax_bg=”true” parallax_bg_speed=”fixed” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”left” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][page_submenu alignment=”center” sticky=”true” bg_color=”#ffffff”][page_link title=”Retour” id=”1609949146685-0″ tab_id=”1609949146686-0″ link_url=”\/recherches\/”][\/page_link][page_link title=”LES ANIMAUX DANS LA VILLE” id=”1609949146707-8″ tab_id=”1609949146708-6″ link_url=”#first”][\/page_link][page_link link_url=”#accroissement” title=”Accroissement” id=”1609949146714-2″ tab_id=”1609949146714-1″] [\/page_link][page_link link_url=”#nuisances” title=”Nuisances et risques” id=”1609949146720-3″ tab_id=”1609949146721-7″] [\/page_link][page_link title=”Quelle place pour l’animal ?” id=”1609949146728-2″ tab_id=”1609949146728-1″ link_url=”#place”][\/page_link][page_link title=”Cohabitation” id=”1609949146735-1″ tab_id=”1609949146735-10″ link_url=”#cohabitation”][\/page_link][page_link title=”Conclusion” id=”1609949146746-10″ tab_id=”1609949146746-9″ link_url=”#conclusion”][\/page_link][\/page_submenu][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bg_image=”4939″ background_image_mobile_hidden=”true” bg_position=”center top” bg_repeat=”no-repeat” scene_position=”center” bottom_padding=”6%” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” class=”contenuarticle” overlay_strength=”0.5″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” parallax_bg=”true” parallax_bg_speed=”fixed” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color=”#ffffff” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”60″][vc_column_text el_class=”soutitreart”]Repouss\u00e9s toujours plus loin par l\u2019extension de l\u2019espace urbain, certains animaux sauvages r\u00e9investissent aujourd\u2019hui les centre-villes. Un exode urbain qui n\u2019est pas sans risques et impose de repenser la cohabitation entre les citadins et la faune sauvage.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]Et si la ville du futur devenait vraiment une \u00ab jungle urbaine \u00bb ? Et si les citadins croisaient bient\u00f4t des renards et des loups en allant au travail ? Et s\u2019ils pique-niquaient dans les parcs au milieu d\u2019un troupeau de sangliers ? Un tel sc\u00e9nario peut para\u00eetre aussi absurde qu\u2019improbable. Pourtant, il faut d\u2019ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 se pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 partager la ville de demain avec les animaux sauvages. Ces derniers sont, en effet, de plus en plus nombreux \u00e0 fuir for\u00eats et campagnes pour fr\u00e9quenter nos rues. Un sujet crucial \u00e0 l’heure o\u00f9 les villes veulent sortir du tout b\u00e9ton et r\u00e9int\u00e9grer la nature dans le milieu urbain.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” el_id=”accroissement”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”30″][vc_column_text el_class=”titreart”]Accroissement du nombre d’animaux en ville[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”soutitreart”]L’empi\u00e9tement de l’espace urbain[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]Les collectivit\u00e9s sont aujourd\u2019hui conduites \u00e0 s\u2019interroger sur les modes de gestion et d\u2019int\u00e9gration de l\u2019animal dans la cit\u00e9. C\u2019est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 : l\u2019animal s\u2019installe durablement dans la ville. L’aggrandissement des villes sur les campagnes autour pousse logiquement certains animaux sauvages \u00e0 devenir citadins. En France, l\u2019espace urbain s\u2019\u00e9tend au rythme moyen d\u2019un d\u00e9partement tous les sept ans. Et alors que les villes deviennent toujours plus vertes et accueillantes, les habitats naturels de certaines esp\u00e8ces sont fragment\u00e9s, rabot\u00e9s, transform\u00e9s, les poussant \u00e0 aller voir si l\u2019herbe est plus verte en ville.<\/p>\n

En 1999 et 2010, selon l’INSEE l’espace urbain a augment\u00e9 de 19%, “*1368 communes sont pass\u00e9es de l’espace rural \u00e0 l’espace urbain, le plus souvent par int\u00e9gration \u00e0 une agglom\u00e9ration […] Des constructions nouvelles aux fronti\u00e8res de ces communes ont entra\u00een\u00e9 leur rattachement \u00e0 une unit\u00e9 urbaine d\u00e9j\u00e0 existante ou la cration d’une nouvelle entit\u00e9 urbaine […]. C’est l’absorption dans l’espace urbain d’anciennes rurales qui est la principale raison de sa croissance d\u00e9mographique*”.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”soutitreart”]Bienvenue \u00e0 vous[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]Si la faune sauvage prend ses aises dans les beaux quartiers, c\u2019est aussi parce que les citadins leur r\u00e9servent un accueil amical, trop contents de cette rencontre inattendue avec la vie sauvage dans un cadre urbain tr\u00e8s min\u00e9ral. Dans leur enthousiasme, certains n\u2019h\u00e9sitent pas \u00e0 nourrir les nouveaux arrivants. Une g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9 qui peut contribuer au d\u00e9veloppement rapide de certaines esp\u00e8ces susceptibles de d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibrer l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me local : \u00ab Certains sp\u00e9cialistes y voient une technique d\u2019appropriation de la faune par les citoyens, mais c\u2019est souvent dangereux \u00bb constatait ainsi Philippe Clergeau, \u00e9cologue et professeur au Museum d\u2019Histoire Naturelle de Paris, lors d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence sur la place de la biodiversit\u00e9 dans la ville de demain.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”soutitreart”]Un rapport humain – animal ancr\u00e9[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]Si les animaux sauvages se multiplient en milieu urbain, les animaux domestiques y sont bien pr\u00e9sent depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es. \u00c0 l\u2019heure actuelle, 51 % des foyers poss\u00e8dent un animal de compagnie. D\u2019apr\u00e8s l\u2019INSEE, le nombre d\u2019animaux de compagnie a augment\u00e9 de 40 % en 20 ans. Il faut ajouter que 50 % des chiens et 45 % des chats se trouvent dans des foyers comptant trois personnes ou plus. L\u2019\u00e9volution est particuli\u00e8rement sensible en zone urbaine (plus d\u2019un tiers de ces animaux vit en ville). Cet engouement serait d\u00fb selon des \u00e9tudes sociologiques \u00e0 plusieurs faits : urbanisation explosive, dissociation de la famille, exclusion sociale, ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, isolement, effet de mode ou encore m\u00e9diatisation.<\/p>\n

Mais il est d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que l’animal domestique est pr\u00e9cieux \u00e0 tout moment et \u00e0 toute \u00e9tape de la vie. D\u00e9s la petite enfance il participe \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mancipation de l\u2019enfant en lui enseignant des notions n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 son d\u00e9veloppement (douleur, ob\u00e9issance, ind\u00e9pendance\u2026). Il fait \u00e9merger le sens des responsabilit\u00e9s chez l’adolescent et stimule constamment l’adulte (soins, mouvements…), ce qui influence favorablement sur sa vitalit\u00e9. Il poss\u00e8de un r\u00f4le important au sein d’une famille et de son \u00e9quilibre (bouc-\u00e9missaire, enfant de substitution, m\u00e9diateur\u2026). Il s’av\u00e8re enfin \u00eatre r\u00e9v\u00ealateur d’un sentiment de vie chez les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Au niveau urbain, l’exemple du chien est r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur. Dans l’espace public le chien peut se r\u00e9v\u00e9ler un excellent m\u00e9diateur dans les relations avec le voisinage. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en \u00e9vidence que les possesseurs d\u2019un chien ont une meilleure connaissance de leur quartier. L\u2019investissement des possesseurs de chiens dans leur quartier par la promenade favorise aussi un r\u00e9seau de relation plus large. Par cons\u00e9quent, le sentiment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 (exprim\u00e9 par un repli sur soi qui fait \u00ab ignorer \u00bb les vertus d\u2019un quartier) est plus faible chez les possesseurs de chiens que chez les non-possesseurs.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” el_id=”nuisances”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”30″][vc_column_text el_class=”titreart”]Les nuisances et risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de l’animal[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”soutitreart”]Les nuisances sonores et physiques[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]Aujourd\u2019hui, malgr\u00e9 la diversit\u00e9 et le nombre d\u2019animaux dans nos villes, les bienfaits qu\u2019ils peuvent nous apporter, la collectivit\u00e9 ne \u00ab voit \u00bb souvent les animaux qu\u2019au travers des nuisances engendr\u00e9es. Les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques \u00e0 la Police pour se plaindre des nuisances sonores provoqu\u00e9es par un chien sont en augmentation. Les mairies sont \u00e9galement souvent interpell\u00e9es au sujet des aboiements intempestifs. Dans ce domaine, il n\u2019y a gu\u00e8re d\u2019autres solutions que de sensibiliser le possesseur \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation de l\u2019animal.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”soutitreart”]La question de la propret\u00e9[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]Les d\u00e9jections canines se placent au premier rang des pr\u00e9occupations des habitants et des touristes. Cette malpropret\u00e9 \u00e0 mis en \u00e9vidence l\u2019enjeu du ramassage individuel car les r\u00e9ponses propos\u00e9es par les collectivit\u00e9s ne semblent pas \u00e0 la hauteur des enjeux. Les d\u00e9jections canines provoquent chaque ann\u00e9e des chutes et sont responsables d\u2019hospitalisation (fractures, luxations, transmissions d\u2019affections animales \u00e0 l\u2019homme ou zoonoses\u2026). Les chutes peuvent \u00eatre dues \u00e9galement aux bousculades (chiens hyperactifs, laisses \u00e0 enrouleur).[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”soutitreart”]Les risques sanitaires[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]Une partie des animaux tels que les rats, pigeons, cafards, blattes sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme malvenus dans la ville pour des raisons d’hygi\u00e8ne et sont donc repouss\u00e9s. Les risques sanitaires sont li\u00e9s \u00e0 la transmission possible d\u2019agents infectieux et parasitaires, ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 des intol\u00e9rances ou des allergies aux s\u00e9cr\u00e9tas, excr\u00e9tas et productions cutan\u00e9es des animaux. Les zoonoses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finies par l\u2019OMS en 1952 comme des \u00ab maladies ou infections qui se transmettent naturellement des animaux vert\u00e9br\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019homme et vice-versa \u00bb. A l\u2019\u00e9poque, plus de 150 agents de zoonoses possibles avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 recens\u00e9s. Cette liste doit \u00eatre r\u00e9actualis\u00e9e en particulier depuis l\u2019arriv\u00e9e des NAC dans nos villes. N\u00e9anmoins, si les maladies communes \u00e0 l\u2019homme et \u00e0 l\u2019animal sont nombreuses, les risques de transmission sont beaucoup plus potentiels que r\u00e9els. Ceux-ci sont ais\u00e9ment et efficacement contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par des pr\u00e9cautions \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne, par une prophylaxie anti-parasitaire et anti-infectieuse r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement appliqu\u00e9e aux animaux et par des conditions d\u2019alimentation animale rationnelles.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” el_id=”place”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”30″][vc_column_text el_class=”titreart”]Quelle place pour l’animal en ville ?[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”soutitreart”]Une relation en \u00e9volution[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]Au fil du temps, la place occup\u00e9e par l\u2019animal dans notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 a beaucoup \u00e9volu\u00e9. La s\u00e9dentarisation de l\u2019homme s\u2019est accompagn\u00e9e de la domestication des animaux. Tout en se d\u00e9tournant progressivement de la chasse et de la cueillette, l\u2019homme a cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 ma\u00eetriser davantage les ressources naturelles. Des animaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9s en captivit\u00e9 pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s comme r\u00e9servoir alimentaire, outil de travail\u2026 Simultan\u00e9ment, d\u2019autres esp\u00e8ces ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accueillies par l\u2019homme pour son agr\u00e9ment. Majoritairement au contact de populations rurales \u00e0 l\u2019origine, ces animaux restaient proches de leur milieu \u00ab naturel \u00bb. Mais le milieu urbain s\u2019est consid\u00e9rablement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9. \u00ab D\u2019une situation rurale, nous sommes pass\u00e9s \u00e0 de grandes concentrations urbaines au sein desquelles nous avons entra\u00een\u00e9 nos animaux (\u2026) l\u2019animal de companie, par exemple, n\u2019a plus aujourd\u2019hui les m\u00eames raisons d\u2019\u00eatre \u00e0 nos c\u00f4t\u00e9s \u00bb explique Jean-Luc Vuillemenot, secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019Association fran\u00e7aise d\u2019information et de recherche sur l\u2019animal de compagnie.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”soutitreart”]Le statut de l’animal[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]Cette prise de conscience se concr\u00e9tise par la loi : le statut de l\u2019animal est encore en devenir. Depuis la loi de 1976, l\u2019animal est officiellement reconnu comme un \u00ab \u00eatre sensible \u00bb. En 1999, une nouvelle cat\u00e9gorie juridique d\u2019animaux appara\u00eet dans le code rural : \u00ab l\u2019animal de compagnie \u00bb est officiellement reconnu. En 2005, le minist\u00e8re de la Justice se montre favorable \u00e0 une r\u00e9forme du statut de l\u2019animal afin de distinguer l\u2019animal d\u2019un bien dans le code civil. Aujourd’hui, plusieurs associations comme L214 militent pour la reconnaissance pleine et enti\u00e8re des droits des animaux. Au del\u00e0 du statut l\u00e9gal, nos rapports avec le genre animal restent ambigus. L\u2019animal est de compagnie, d\u2019\u00e9levage, sauvage, nuisible, source d\u2019alimentation, en voie de disparition et \u00e0 pr\u00e9server\u2026 : l\u2019animal n\u2019a pas de statut unique, il poss\u00e8de de multiples figures.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”soutitreart”]Notre perception de l’animal[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]Les philosophes, en particulier, nous invitent \u00e0 revoir notre perception de l\u2019animal : \u00ab *Comprendre l\u2019animalit\u00e9 urbaine doit s\u2019appuyer sur une vision \u00e0 la fois plus subtile et plus r\u00e9aliste de l\u2019animal dans la Cit\u00e9. Il convient en cons\u00e9quence d\u2019\u00e9laborer une conception de l\u2019animalit\u00e9 qui ne se base plus a priori sur le paradigme de la s\u00e9paration de l\u2019homme et de l\u2019animal, mais sur celui de leur compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9, sur celui de la recherche de convergences entre les uns et les autres, et sur celui de la vie partag\u00e9e.* \u00bb (cf. Dominique Lestel, \u00e9thologue). Il ne s\u2019agit pas pour autant de consid\u00e9rer l\u2019animal comme une personne, mais de tenter de le comprendre \u00e0 l\u2019interface d\u2019une histoire naturelle, d\u2019une histoire culturelle et d\u2019une biographie. Pour cela, des scientifiques proposent de cr\u00e9er une nouvelle discipline \u00e0 l\u2019interface de l\u2019\u00e9thologie et de l\u2019ethnologie, nous montrant aussi que l\u2019\u00e9volution que nous vivons n\u2019est pas d\u2019ordre conjoncturel, mais bien d\u2019ordre structurel.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”soutitreart”]Une pr\u00e9sence en ville \u00e0 reconsid\u00e9rer[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]Peut-\u00eatre plus encore que l\u2019aspect quantitatif, la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une nouvelle discipline scientifique et le nombre croissant de lois et de mesures relatives \u00e0 l\u2019animal montrent que l\u2019\u00e9volution g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des esprits est incontestable. Mais la pr\u00e9sence des animaux en ville, le chien en particulier, pose souvent probl\u00e8me et montre combien il est difficile de vivre ensemble. Respecter la pr\u00e9sence des animaux en milieu urbain ne va pas toujours de soi. La ville reste un espace vu comme \u00e9tant d\u2019ordre humain. Comme le v\u00e9g\u00e9tal il y a quelques ann\u00e9es, l\u2019animal perturbe \u00ab l\u2019ordre urbain \u00bb. N\u00e9anmoins, la pr\u00e9sence de l\u2019animal en ville est un v\u00e9ritable ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et nous pousse \u00e0 nous interroger sur notre rapport \u00e0 l\u2019animalit\u00e9. Il s’agit de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir aux relations \u00e9troites qui peuvent se nouer entre un humain et un animal et repenser \u00e0 ce que \u00ab vivre ensemble \u00bb implique. Cette question touche \u00e0 des probl\u00e9matiques de partage de l\u2019espace public, de tol\u00e9rance et ne manque pas d\u2019engendrer des conflits. N\u00e9anmoins, la pr\u00e9sence de l\u2019animal en milieu urbain pose de trop nombreuses questions pour ne pas \u00eatre entendues.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” el_id=”cohabitation”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”30″][vc_column_text el_class=”titreart”]Cohabitation citadins et animaux[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”soutitreart”]Les ruches citadines \u00e0 Lille[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]La Ville et le Waao (centre d’urbanisme) ont, depuis octobre 2015, mis en place un projet architectural (financ\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re participative) qui consiste \u00e0 cr\u00e9er de v\u00e9ritables habitats pour abeilles au c\u0153ur de la ville, dans le parc Matisse situ\u00e9 dans le quartier d\u2019Euralille. Ces \u00ab ruches d\u2019abeilles contemporaines \u00bb sont l\u2019occasion pour les abeilles de cohabiter avec les citadins venus se ressourcer dans le parc avec en objectif d\u2019attirer le regard des passants, d\u2019attiser leur curiosit\u00e9 et de les sensibiliser \u00e0 la sauvegarde de la biodiversit\u00e9 mais \u00e9galement de leur donner une vision nouvelle de l\u2019architecture.<\/p>\n

Les ruches sont elles-m\u00eames prot\u00e9g\u00e9es par une enveloppe aux allures contemporaines qui laisse entrevoir l\u2019animation des insectes. Si le projet fonctionne comme attendu (les premi\u00e8res ont \u00e9t\u00e9 inaugur\u00e9es en juillet 2018), d\u2019autres ruches pourraient par la suite voir le jour dans diff\u00e9rents parc de la ville et permettraient de rapprocher davantage les hommes d\u2019une production artisanale, en plein milieu urbain. Le but de la d\u00e9marche : recr\u00e9er un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me dans la ville, tout en respectant les sp\u00e9cimens et les habitants.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=”yes” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” top_padding=”30″ bottom_padding=”30″ text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”3\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][image_with_animation image_url=”2945″ animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” img_link_large=”yes” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][image_with_animation image_url=”2946″ animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” img_link_large=”yes” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”10″][image_with_animation image_url=”2952″ animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” img_link_large=”yes” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column_text el_class=”soutitreart”]Des animaux mouvants[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]Il est important aujourd’hui d\u2019int\u00e9grer la notion de biodiversit\u00e9 dans l\u2019ensemble des projets d\u2019am\u00e9nagements. On peut une nouvelle fois souligner que la faune pr\u00e9sente en ville ne se limite pas aux animaux domestiques. Int\u00e9grer le vivant dans la ville implique \u00e9galement la gestion des animaux sauvages et de leurs d\u00e9placements. Nathalie Blanc en souligne la difficult\u00e9 :[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”50″][nectar_single_testimonial testimonial_style=”small_modern” color=”Default” quote=”\u00ab *Il est probable que la fa\u00e7on dont l\u2019urbanisme est pratiqu\u00e9 (technique du plan) ne permet pas de prendre en compte l\u2019animal. On peut difficilement lui assigner une place puisqu\u2019il est mobile (\u2026) Le primat du v\u00e9g\u00e9tal montre que la ville est vue comme un d\u00e9cor et non comme un univers de relations. L\u2019am\u00e9nagement urbain d\u00e9finit des espaces ind\u00e9pendamment des liens qui s\u2019y nouent.* \u00bb” name=”Nathalie Blanc”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”50″][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]L’association Clinamen<\/a>, cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2012 est une cellule de recherche et de d\u00e9veloppement qui exp\u00e9rimente constamment de nouveaux proc\u00e9d\u00e9s d\u2019agriculture urbaine. Les *Bergers Urbains* y sont tous membres co-fondateurs. Depuis 6 ans, ils \u00e9l\u00e8vent et g\u00e8rent des moutons en Seine-Saint-Denis, un d\u00e9partement qu\u2019ils traversent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement \u00e0 pied avec leur troupeau pour se rendre d\u2019un p\u00e2turage urbain \u00e0 un jardin public.<\/p>\n

“*Nous baladons nos b\u00eates de terrains en terrains, pour entretenir des espaces verts. Selon un processus circulaire, leurs d\u00e9chets servent d\u2019engrais au fourrage et aux l\u00e9gumes. En somme, c\u2019est la transposition en ville d\u2019un savoir ancestral qui a tendance \u00e0 dispara\u00eetre \u00e0 la campagne*”. En p\u00e2turant, ils taillent les haies, et r\u00e9gulent les pelouses. A l\u2019inverse des ch\u00e8vres, qui mangent tout, les moutons ne consomment que les parties les plus vertes des haies et des prairies. Outre cet apport en terme de biodiversit\u00e9, d’autres facteurs poussent \u00e0 penser que l’animal \u00e0 toute sa place en ville. L’humain va ralentir, adapter son rythme lorsqu’il croise un troupeau, il va r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir sur son quotidien. Il y a aussi la perte du lien avec l’alimentation depuis l’arriv\u00e9e du r\u00e9frigirateur notamment, l’humain est devenu \u00e9tranger \u00e0 ce qu’il met dans son assiette. De plus, il est faux de croire que les animaux ne sont pas heureux en milieu urbain, ils ont une tr\u00e8s grande capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][image_with_animation image_url=”2943″ animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][image_with_animation image_url=”2942″ animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column_text el_class=”soutitreart”]Partager l’espace[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]L’adaptation, c’est le pari lanc\u00e9 aux abords de Londres, o\u00f9 il est possible d\u2019emprunter une voie cycliste partag\u00e9e avec des canards. Les anglais accordent beaucoup d\u2019importance aux animaux, on peut noter par exemple la multitude d\u2019\u00e9cureuils circulant aux quatre coins de Londres. Ils nous grimpent m\u00eame dessus en tout impunit\u00e9 dans les parcs urbains de Hyde Park<\/a>, ou \u00e0 Saint James Park<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 l’extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 de zones plus r\u00e9sidentielles, l\u2019association The Canal & River Trust of United Kingdom<\/a> a cr\u00e9\u00e9 des voies temporaires pour les canards. Certains panneaux de signalisation ont donc \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9, afin de signaler aux usagers que les animaux sont aussi prioritaires sur la route. Ainsi, cycliste et passants doivent partager la route avec des canards, qui ont leur propre file. La principale motivation derri\u00e8re cette innovation \u00e9tait de faire comprendre aux habitants que tous les \u00eatres vivants ont droit \u00e0 un peu d\u2019espace dans les vies citadines.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][image_with_animation image_url=”2958″ animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bottom_padding=”3%” text_align=”left” el_id=”conclusion”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”30″][vc_column_text el_class=”titreart”]Conclusion[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”30″][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]Le questionnement autour de la place accord\u00e9e \u00e0 l’animal en milieu urbain est primordial au vu du contexte actuel. Seulement le rapport entre l’humain et l’animal doit \u00eatre remis en question pour pouvoir pr\u00e9tendre de concevoir des espaces optimis\u00e9s pour le genre animal. Ces recherches sont encore r\u00e9centes et convergent vers des notions de compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9s et de convergences entre l’humain et l’animal. Plusieurs initiatives ont vu le jour r\u00e9cemment ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, souvent mises en place par des structures associatives. Les Bergers urbains font partis des pionniers de cette d\u00e9marche et rencontrent un certain succ\u00e8s vis \u00e0 vis des citadins. Seulement l’esp\u00e8ce est animal est encore per\u00e7ue de mani\u00e8re n\u00e9gative par les collectivit\u00e9s avec les complications qu’elle engendre.<\/p>\n

Si les nombreux projets d\u00e9favorisant la biodiversit\u00e9, privil\u00e9giants les espaces naturels accordent petit \u00e0 petit plus de place \u00e0 l’animal au sein des espaces urbains, Vinciane Despret, phylosophe et \u00e9thologue, rappelle fr\u00e9quemment dans ses \u00e9crits que la cohabitation homme-animal est un r\u00eave d\u2019humain : \u00ab l\u2019\u00eatre humain est un animal qui ressent la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de vivre avec d\u2019autres animaux. \u00bb De plus, comme le souligne Dominique Lestel dans son d\u00e9veloppement d’\u00e9thologie philosophique : \u00ab nous savons peu de choses sur ce que signifie pour un animal vivre avec un humain. \u00bb[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”30″][nectar_cta btn_style=”see-through” heading_tag=”h5″ text_color=”#91c1c0″ button_color=”default” link_type=”regular” alignment=”left” display=”block” link_text=”RETOUR AUX SUJETS DE RECHERCHE” url=”\/recherche\/” margin_top=”50″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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