{"id":14102,"date":"2019-08-26T14:30:10","date_gmt":"2019-08-26T12:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.baseland.fr\/recherches\/classe-creative\/"},"modified":"2021-01-06T16:58:37","modified_gmt":"2021-01-06T15:58:37","slug":"classe-creative","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.baseland.fr\/en\/recherches\/classe-creative\/","title":{"rendered":"Creative class"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bg_image=”7315″ bg_position=”right top” bg_repeat=”no-repeat” scene_position=”center” text_color=”light” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” class=”iconetop” id=”first” color_overlay=”#000000″ overlay_strength=”0.5″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” parallax_bg=”true” parallax_bg_speed=”fixed” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”padding-2-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”left” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][nectar_icon icon_family=”linea” enable_animation=”true” animation_speed=”slow” icon_style=”default” icon_color_type=”color_scheme” icon_color=”white” icon_padding=”20px” icon_linea=”icon-arrows-slim-left” icon_size=”80″ url=”\/recherches\/”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_content” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bg_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.3)” bg_image=”7315″ bg_position=”left top” bg_repeat=”no-repeat” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”12%” bottom_padding=”2%” text_color=”light” text_align=”center” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” color_overlay=”#000000″ overlay_strength=”0.5″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” parallax_bg=”true” parallax_bg_speed=”fixed” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”padding-2-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”left” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][image_with_animation image_url=”3544″ animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”center” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” el_class=”hache”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”center”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”100″][vc_column_text el_class=”titrepage”]CREATIVE CLASS[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” top_padding=”5%” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none” enable_animation=”true” animation=”fade-in-from-bottom”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”10″][vc_column_text]BASE[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” el_class=”detailsart” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none” enable_animation=”true” animation=”fade-in-from-bottom”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”10″][vc_column_text]AUGUST 2019[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none” enable_animation=”true” animation=”fade-in-from-bottom”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”10″][vc_column_text]Read time : 5 min[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bottom_padding=”5%” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none” enable_animation=”true” animation=”fade-in-from-bottom”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/5″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none” enable_animation=”true” animation=”fade-in-from-bottom”][nectar_icon icon_family=”linea” enable_animation=”true” animation_speed=”slow” icon_style=”default” icon_color_type=”color_scheme” icon_color=”white” icon_padding=”20px” icon_linea=”icon-arrows-down” icon_size=”40″ url=”#intro”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” 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column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”light” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” id=”intro” color_overlay=”#000000″ overlay_strength=”0.5″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” parallax_bg=”true” parallax_bg_speed=”fixed” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”left” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][page_submenu alignment=”center” sticky=”true” bg_color=”#ffffff”][page_link title=”Retour” id=”1609948368696-8″ tab_id=”1609948368697-6″ link_url=”\/recherches\/”][\/page_link][page_link link_url=”#role” title=”Dans quelle mesure la notion de classe cr\u00e9ative permet de nous donner des pistes de r\u00e9flexion pour penser la ville cr\u00e9ative ?” id=”1609948368717-7″ tab_id=”1609948368719-10″] [\/page_link][page_link title=”Conclusion” id=”1609948368726-5″ tab_id=”1609948368727-8″ link_url=”#conclusion”][\/page_link][\/page_submenu][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bg_image=”7315″ background_image_mobile_hidden=”true” bg_position=”center top” bg_repeat=”no-repeat” scene_position=”center” bottom_padding=”6%” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” class=”contenuarticle” overlay_strength=”0.5″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” parallax_bg=”true” parallax_bg_speed=”fixed” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color=”#ffffff” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” el_id=”role”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][divider line_type=”No Line”][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]Cet article fait partie du th\u00e8me : LA VILLE CREATIVE<\/p>\n

Fiche 1\u00a0: La classe cr\u00e9ative, conception innovante ou concept marketing\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Fiche 2\u00a0: La r\u00e9appropriation culturelle des espaces urbains<\/a><\/p>\n

Fiche 3\u00a0: Economie cr\u00e9ative et d\u00e9veloppement des territoires<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=”titreart”]Classe cr\u00e9ative : conception innovante ou th\u00e9orie marketing ?[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”30″][vc_column_text el_class=”texteart”]Dans quelle mesure la notion de classe cr\u00e9ative permet de nous donner des pistes de r\u00e9flexion pour penser la ville cr\u00e9ative ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Avec la fin de l\u2019industrialisation et la d\u00e9centralisation, les collectivit\u00e9s territoriales ont d\u00fb red\u00e9finir en profondeur leurs politiques urbaines. Comment rendre leur territoire attractif face au ch\u00f4mage de masse, la fuite des capitaux et le d\u00e9clin post-industriel\u00a0?<\/p>\n

Les territoires urbains ont connu une am\u00e9lioration de la qualit\u00e9 des services pour les entreprises, dans un contexte de comp\u00e9tition interurbaine pour attirer les capitaux et les activit\u00e9s \u00e0 forte valeur ajout\u00e9e. L\u2019am\u00e9lioration du cadre de vie dans des villes post-industrielles est ainsi devenu un pari majeur pour les politiques de la ville et les acteurs \u00e9conomiques. Ce nouveau cadre de vie se caract\u00e9rise par le d\u00e9veloppement des espaces publics, des espaces verts mais surtout de la vie culturelle.<\/p>\n

Le professeur Richard Florida a cat\u00e9goris\u00e9 dans son ouvrage “Who’s Your City ?” une population nomm\u00e9e \u00ab classe cr\u00e9ative \u00bb, qui selon lui serait le moteur du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique dans les villes. En effet, les travailleurs \u00ab cr\u00e9atifs \u00bb choisissent leur localisation r\u00e9sidentielle en fonction de son activit\u00e9 culturelle et donc de son environnement propice \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9. Ce dynamisme cr\u00e9atif privil\u00e9gie d\u2019embl\u00e9e une grande tol\u00e9rance et ouverture d\u2019esprit, dans une atmosph\u00e8re \u00ab cool, d\u00e9tendue et boh\u00e8me \u00bb :\u00a0 ces qualit\u00e9s sont ainsi devenues essentielles dans la comp\u00e9tition territoriale entre les villes dynamiques.<\/p>\n

Selon R. Florida, la classe cr\u00e9ative s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e afin de d\u00e9velopper des solutions nouvelles et \u00e9viter la production routini\u00e8re et machinale au moyen des activit\u00e9s cr\u00e9atives. En termes \u00e9conomiques, la connaissance et le partage d\u2019information seraient les moyens de production d\u2019un avantage comparatif essentiel pour les entreprises et leur territoire\u00a0: la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9valuation de la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 d\u2019une ville se fait \u00e0 travers plusieurs indicateurs\u00a0: le talent calcul\u00e9 par le nombre de personnes dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s \u00e0 bac +4, la technologie par le nombre de brevets d\u00e9pos\u00e9s et \u00e0 la tol\u00e9rance mesur\u00e9e par l\u2019importance de la diversit\u00e9, de la communaut\u00e9 homosexuelle et enfin des boh\u00e8mes artistes.<\/p>\n

Selon la conception de R. Florida, l\u2019articulation du talent, de la technologie et de la tol\u00e9rance au sein d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 urbaine est le moteur de la croissance \u00e9conomique. Les entreprises innovantes et autres start-up seraient ainsi attir\u00e9es et s\u2019installent dans les villes \u00e0 environnement cr\u00e9atif.<\/p>\n

Ces crit\u00e8res d\u2019\u00e9valuation ont permis de mener des classements des villes et pays les plus tol\u00e9rants, cr\u00e9atifs, hi-tech ou gay-friendly. Face \u00e0 cette comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 pour la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9, les dirigeants de municipalit\u00e9s sont encourag\u00e9es par Florida \u00e0 gentrifier leurs quartiers pour promouvoir leur image.<\/p>\n

Cette \u00e9valuation est toutefois largement critiqu\u00e9e car elle am\u00e8ne \u00e0 lier la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 des individus \u00e0 une cat\u00e9gorie socio-professionnelle tr\u00e8s large, regroupant \u00e0 la fois\u00a0les m\u00e9tiers de la haute technologie, du divertissement, du journalisme, de la finance, de l\u2019artisanat ou de l\u2019art. \u00a0De ce fait, les individus les plus d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s ne seraient pas cr\u00e9atifs.<\/p>\n

De plus, la notion de \u00ab\u00a0classe\u00a0\u00bb utilis\u00e9e par Florida renvoie au potentiel cr\u00e9atif suppos\u00e9 d\u2019une cat\u00e9gorie d\u2019individus tr\u00e8s large qui n\u2019ont pourtant les m\u00eames valeurs et repr\u00e9sentations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Au contraire, cette cat\u00e9gorisation fait l\u2019amalgame de populations qui ont des modes de vie et des int\u00e9r\u00eats totalement divergents.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 les critiques \u00e9videntes adress\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre de Florida, il est possible d\u2019appr\u00e9hender son constat sous un angle novateur. Il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019appeler \u00e0 une red\u00e9finition de cette ville cr\u00e9ative pour ne pas seulement l\u2019envisager comme un argument commercial. Nous pouvons utiliser cette notion afin de comprendre les opportunit\u00e9s de revalorisation des qualit\u00e9s de l\u2019espace urbain qu\u2019elle offre.<\/p>\n

Les suppositions de Florida doivent ainsi nous permettre d\u2019actualiser l\u2019image de la ville comme une entit\u00e9 \u00e9mancipatrice et un lieu d\u2019expression des singularit\u00e9s des citadins.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bottom_padding=”3%” text_align=”left” el_id=”conclusion”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid” bg_image_animation=”none”][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”30″]

Sources :<\/strong><\/p>\n